Miller Magazine Issue 109 / January 2019

55 COVER STORY MILLER / JANUARY 2019 regions with finer resolution. • Crop water use (evapotranspiration) and crop response to water and other environmental factors must be quantified for most, if not all, cropping systems. • Climate variables must be measured with good qua- lity weather stations/instrumentation with finer resoluti- ons and spatio-temporally. • Agricultural impacts of magnitude and trends if chan- ge in climate variables must be economically quantified. • Impact(s) of climate variables on water resour- ces must be quantified with finer resolutions. and spa- tio-temporally. • Effective agricultural practices that can aid in en- countering some of the negative impacts of change in climate variables must be researched, demonstrated and education programs must be developed to enable adop- tion of these strategies in production fields. • Technology implementation in agriculture and natu- ral resources and water resources must be accomplished to adopt climate impacts on agriculture to enhance pro- ductivity. It is a difficult task, but can be done. References/Sources *Bonan, G. B., 2001: Observational evidence for reduction of daily maximum temperature by croplands in the Midwest United States. J. Cli- mate, 14, 2430–2442.Easterling, D. R., 2002: Recent changes in frost days and the frostfree season in the United States. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1327–332. *Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Stocker, T. F. vd. 2013: Climate Change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmen- tal panel on climate change (2013). *Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Allen, M. vd. 2018. Global Warming of 1.5 o C. *Irmak, S., I. Kabenge, K. Skaggs ve D. Mutiibwa. 2012. Trend and magnitude of changes in climate variables and reference evapotranspira- tion over 116-year period in the Platte River Basin, central Nebraska-U- SA. Journal of Hydrology 420-421: 228-244.Irmak, S. 2013. Long-term (1893-2012) changes in air temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit (atmospheric evaporative demand) in central Nebraska. UNL Extension Circular EC716. *Irmak, S. 2018. İklim değişkenleri ve bunların tarım, su kaynakları ve ilgili politikalar üzerindeki etkisine dair yayınlanmamış araştırma verileri. 2. Uluslararası Tarım, Gıda ve Beslenme Politikaları Konferansı’nda sunul- muştur. 6-7 Kasım 2018. Swiss Hotel, Ankara, Türkiye *Ferris, R., R. H. Ellis, T. R.Wheeler ve P. Hadley, 1998: Effect of high temperature stress at anthesis on grain yield and biomass of field grown crops of wheat. Plant Cell Environ., 34, 67–78. *Hu, Q., A. Weiss, S. Feng ve P. S. Baenzinger, 2005: Earlier winter wheat heading dates and warmer spring in the U.S. Great Plains. Agric. For. Meteor., 135, 284–290. *Hu, Q. ve G. Buyanovsky, 2003: Climate effects on corn yield in Mis- souri. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 1626–1635. *Karl, T. R., G. Kukla ve J. Gavin, 1984: Decreasing diurnal tempera- ture range in the United States and Canada from 1941 through 1980. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 1489–1504. *Kunkel, K., D. R. Easterling, K. Hubbard ve K. Redmond, 2004: Tem- poral variations in frost-free season in the United States: 1895–2000. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L03201, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL018624. *Matsui, T., K. Omasa ve T. Horie, 2001: The difference in sterility due to high temperatures during the flowering period among Japonica–rice varieties. Plant Prod. Sci., 4, 90–93. *Skaggs, K.E., ve S. Irmak. 2012. Long-term trends in air temperatu- re distribution and extremes, growing degree days, and spring and fall frosts for climate impact assessments on agricultural practices in Nebras- ka, USA. J. Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51:2060–2073. doi:dx. doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0146.1. *Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning,M. Marquis, K. Averyt,M.M. B. Tignor, H. L. Miller Jr. Ve Z. Chen, Eds., 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press, 996 pp. Suat Irmak-foto6: Dr. Irmak has received his Ph.D. degree at the University of Florida and joined the University of Nebraska in 2004. He has made significant contributions and exhibited exemplary accomplishments in soil and water resources and irrigation engineering, soil and water conservation, agricultural water management, evapotranspiration, and environmental biophysics. Dr. Irmak has an outstanding record of publi- cations and scholarly output with around 350 publications.