Miller Magazine Issue: 118 October 2019

84 MILLER / OCTOBER 2019 “Monitoring is essential in phosphine use. When it comes to monitoring, monitoring of the gas concentration is not the only thing that has to be monitored. Other parameters, such as temperature etc. should be monitored in parallel, as phosphine concentration has interesting diurnal circles according to the key abiotic conditions prevailing. Distribution of the gas is also important. The traditional monitoring techniques are able to provide measurements for specific time intervals and at specific locations within the fumigated facilities. However, the measurements refer to the average concentrations, which are not always representative. Extreme dosing and absence of monitoring are key elements that are directly related with resistance development.” Resistance of stored product insects to phosphine: an update Christos G. Athanassiou Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment University of Thessaly, Greece athanassiou@agr.uth.gr