Miller Magazine Issue: 132 December 2020

49 COVER STORY MILLER / december 2020 erated according to a certain logic and design. Although these stages are close to each other in flour, semolina and bulgur type milling sectors, there are special applications and systems for each sector. Cleaning system was explained in Figures 1-2. In Fig- ure 1, overall cleaning process is shown. The main-clean- ing section is also detailed in Figure 2. 1.1.1. Raw material receiving and sampling The grains are generally receiving in bulk form at big amount. Truck, ship and train are mainly used transpor- tation system. In general, regular trucks are used but in some places special design truck containers are used. If plant area is suitable for railway or rive/sea-port, the spe- cial loading/discharging systems are used. During raw material receiving, some technical and commercial analysis are made. Technically and commer- cially, bulk density (hectoliter-weight), moisture con- tent, ash content, protein content, particle size analysis, the amount of foreign materials, broken kernel, foreign seeds, purity, uniformity, homogeneity and damaged kernel are analyzed. Depends on different sectors (flour, semolina, bulgur, pasta, rice, corn, snack, feed, starch, protein industries etc.) these quality control analysis can change e.g. rheology (alveograph, extensograph, mix- ograph, farinograph etc.), glute content, gluten index, sedimentation, delayed sedimentation, starch content, damaged starch ratio, toxin, microorganism load etc. Some of the analysis are related to food safety, tech- nology, process management, HACCP, GMP and trading. Therefore, according to each sectoral approach, the qual- ity analysis and critical control issue should be evaluated. During the receiving, the main important point is the sampling. Sampling can be done manually or with an automatic sampling apparatus. In general sampling was made on over container before the discharging into pit- ting hole. However, due to some trading rules and tradi- tional protocols, sampling can be made when raw ma- terial received. According to the results of analysis, the price is determined after receiving. Figure 1. Overall cleaning stages Figure 2. Details of main-cleaning system