Miller Magazine Issue: 139 July 2021

69 COVER STORY MILLER / july 2021 priority paths. • Do not mix wet and dry grain. • Take samples: control the moisture content and temperature in the drying process. • Experience in previous drying will lead you to in- crease the drying efficiency. • Dry a maximum of 5% of the moisture content at a time and then leave the grain to rest for a minimum of 8 – 12 hours. TEMPERING SILOS Tempering silos are used to cold down the grain and make the bulk grain uniform in terms of temperature and MC. Depending of the storage capacity, we can cold down the grain either using a tempering silo or in the final storage system. How to do ventilation at this point? Ventilation system: centrifugal fans or chillers. Exhaust fans: to prevent condensation. Over-head cone: This system allow a FIFO flow sys- tem, guaranteeing that all grain will remain inside the silo the same period. VENTILATION SYSTEM Because of the tropical climate of some counties, ventilation systems using centrifugal fans is no longer sufficient but it becomes necessary cooling systems. Coolers or centrifugal fans can be used in steel silos, concrete silos and warehouses. Considerations: • Grain column height. • Priority ventilation paths. • Ventilation grills. • Exhaust fans. TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM Simple and accurate device made up of three ele- ments: control center, probes and electronic module of multiplexation Traditional methods of grain storage: • Ware house – gunny bags stacked • CAP – Covered and Plinth in open space • Silos – Bulk grain stored in silos • Concrete silos • Galvanized steel • Silo Bag Bibliography • Adams, J. M. 1977. “A review of the literature con- cerning losses in stored cereals and pulses, published since 1964.” Trop. Sci, 19, 1-28. • Agricultural Research Service (ARS). 2008. National nutrient database for standard reference. United State Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. • Alexandratos, N., and J. Bruinsma. 2012. “World ag- riculture towards 2030/2050: the saving water. From Field to Fork-Curbing Losses and Wastage in the Food Chain 2012 revision.” Working paper: FAO: ESA No. 12- 03, p.4. • Basavaraja, H., S. B. Mahajanashetti, and N. C. Udagatti. 2007. “Economic analysis of post-harvest losses in food grains in India: a case study of Karnataka.” Agricultural Economics Research Review 20(1). • Agricultrual Eingineering Unit. International Rice Reserarch Institure (IRRI) • International Rice Research Institute The Rice Plant and How it Grows. knowledgebank.irri.org • Bureau of Postharvest Research and Extension,CL- SU Cmpd., Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, 2008 • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions. FAO • FAOSTAT. Retrieved December 26, 2013 • Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). • Gescaser www.gescaser.com • Sodeca www.sodeca.com