Miller Magazine Issue: 153 September 2022

34 MILLER / SEPTEMBER 2022 NEWS Climate change could lead to soaring wheat prices and more financial inequality among farmers, a new eco- nomic study warns. Using a new climate-wheat-economic model, an international research team estimates that a 2 °C increase in global warming would lead to higher wheat yields — and also higher prices. Farmers growing wheat in higher latitudes would see greater yields as CO₂ fertilization would cancel out tem- perature stress on crops. However, farmers in lower lati- tudes would see smaller yields, which would drive up de- mand for imported wheat and therefore raise the price. The findings by scientists from six countries are published in the journal One Earth. They suggest that, overall, global wheat prices would become higher and more frequent in a world that is 2°C warmer. Previous researchers have found that lowering trade bar- riers and allowing wheat to move more freely could mitigate against this climate stress. The current authors believe this would reduce the economic burden on consumers, but it would have mixed results for farmers, lifting the income of wheat exporters but lowering that of importers. “This counterintuitive result is initially driven by uneven impacts geographically. Wheat yields are projected to in- crease in high-latitude wheat exporting countries but show decreases in low-latitude wheat importing countries,” says lead author Zhang Tianyi, an agrometeorologist at the Insti- tute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Scienc- es, in a media release. “This leads to higher demand for international trade and higher consumer prices in the importing countries, which would deepen the traditional trade patterns between wheat importing and exporting countries,” adds co-author Karin van der Wiel, a climate scientist at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Zhang says that the more countries rely on wheat imports, the less self-sufficient they become, creating a vicious, neg- ative cycle for less-developed countries in the long run. This would also make these countries even more depen- dent on wheat exporters. “These results would potentially cause a larger income gap, creating a new economic in- equality between wheat importing and exporting countries,” explains Wei Taoyuan, an economic scientist at the CICERO Center for International Climate Research. “This study high- lights that effective measures in trade liberalization policies are necessary to protect grain food industries in importing countries, support resilience, and enhance global food se- curity under climate change,” concludes Frank Selten, a re- searcher at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Global warming could lead to spikes in wheat prices