Miller Magazine Issue 137 May 2021

58 COVER STORY MILLER / may 2021 Abstract Milling is used by different industries such as food, chemistry, mining, pharmacology, construction and materials etc. About 60- 70% of the food industry is related to solid processing. The solid processing industry is also used the milling operation. Milling is known as size reduction or comminution, which is made by using different principles such as compression, impact, attrition/rubbing and cutting. Duringmilling, as depend on the principles, the differ- ent forces are used like shear and compression etc. In this article, the milling principles and milling performance were evaluated and the increasing performance of milling was analyzed. 1. Introduction The main objective in the milling operation is the decreasing size of materials by creating new surface. Therefore, the creation of a new surface means that the requirement of energy. The ideal size reduction, milling or comminution should have a high capac- ity, small power requirement, high yield and producing uniform size distribution. The optimum values for each requirement can be determined theoretically, however actual values may be dif- ferent due to processing conditions, design, parameters, rawma- terials, operators and handling. The main difficulty for the milling operation is to the lack of the perfect scale-up procedure. The scale-up procedure means transferring laboratory or bench-type study results to industrial application. The scale-up is very useful method tomake good op- timization. In scientific studies, distillation, evaporation, agitation and reaction systems are easily scaled-up. However, in the litera- ture, the scale-up methodology for the solid system or milling has still been completed. Due to the lack of perfect scale-up method- ology in the milling industry, research and development, industrial application, monitoring and diagnosis are problem. Therefore, the measurement of performance of the milling operation is not per- fectly parallel to the studies in the industrial scale. The increasing performance of the mills can be classified into two groups. One of them is “increasing performance by organi- zation” and the other is “increasing performance by milling tech- nique”. Both are important and different from each other. If both are supplied, maximum performance can be obtained. 1.1. Increasing performance by organization Today, we are talking about Industry 4.0. The start of industry (Industry 1.0) is also accepted as the discovering of the steam en- The increasing performance of the mills can be classified into two groups. One of them is “increasing performance by organization” and the other is “increasing performance by milling technique”. Both are important and different from each other. If both are supplied, maximum performance can be obtained. Increasing performance of the milling operation Prof. Dr. Mustafa BAYRAM University of Gaziantep Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering TABADER Association Turkey